Japanese forces occupied most of Luzon, and US/Philippine forces withdrew south to establish a defensive line. 72 officers and 1173 enlisted from more than 50 organizations joined the 4th Marines. This made them one of the most diverse Marine units ever to have existed. Despite the additional reinforcements, many newcomers to the 4th were sailors and didn't have experience with ground warfare. Marines were stuck between a rock and a hard place. In addition to fighting off the enemy, they had to train new troops on the basics, including how to load a rifle.
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References
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Bell, W.F. (1999). The Philippines in World War II, 1941-1945: A Chronology and Select Annotated Bibliography of Books and Articles in English. (1999). United Kingdom: Greenwood Press.
Commager, H. S., Miller, D. L. (2010). The Story of World War II: Revised, Expanded, and Updated from the Original T. United Kingdom: Simon & Schuster.
Edmonds, W. D. (1951). They Fought With What They Had: The Story of the Army Air Forces in the Southwest Pacific, 1941-1942. United States: Little, Brown and Company.
History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II.: Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, by F. O. Hough, V. E. Ludwig and H. I. Shaw, Jr. (1958). United States: Historical Branch, G-3 Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps.
MacAuthur, D., Staff, M. G. (2016). Reports of General MacArthur: Japanese Operations in the Southwest Pacific Area . (n.p.): St. John's Press.
Miller, J. M. (1997). From Shanghai to Corregidor: Marines in the Defense of the Philippines. United States: History and Museums Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps.
Morton, L. G. (1960). The Decision to Withdraw to Bataan. United States: Center of Military History, U.S. Army.
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Netzorg, M. J. (1977). The Philippines in World War II and to Independence (December 8, 1941-July 4, 1946): An Annotated Bibliography. United States: Southeast Asia Program, Department of Asian Studies, Cornell University.
Report on Need of Additional Naval Bases to Defend the Coasts of the United States, Its Territories and Possessions, House Document No. 65, 76th Cong., 1st sess., 27 December
Sixth Annual Report of the United States High Commissioner
To the Philippines covering the Fiscal Year July 1, 1941 to June 30, 1942